The Jain temple of Kolanpak in the Nalgonda district, Telangana, India is home to a 5-foot (1.5 m) high sculpture of Mahavira that is carved entirely out of jade. There is a theory that the reason why the meaning is that it was believed that the color of green enables the reproduction of fertility, the life, and the soul of the earth.ĭagger with jade hilt, India, 17th–18th century. The jade culture that blossomed in ancient Japan respected green ones, and jade of other colors was not used. XRF analysis results have revealed that all jade used in Japan since the Jomon period is from Itoigawa. It is the national stone of Japan.Įxamples of use in Japan can be traced back to the early Jomon period about 7,000 years ago. Jade in Japan was used for jade bracelets. The character has a similar range of meanings when appearing as a radical as parts of other characters. pearls of wisdom from the other party)"), 玉容 (a beautiful face "jade countenance"), and 玉立 (slim and graceful "jade standing upright"). the speaker's own words) to draw a jade (i.e. But because of the value added culturally to jades throughout Chinese history, the word has also come to refer more generally to precious or ornamental stones, and is very common in more symbolic usage as in phrases like 拋磚引玉/抛砖引玉 (lit. 玉器, jadewares), such as jadeite (硬玉, 'hard jade', another name for 翡翠) and nephrite (軟玉, 'soft jade'). The Chinese character 玉 (yù) is used to denote the several types of stone known in English as "jade" (e.g. Due to that significance and the rising middle class in China, in 2010 the finest jade when found in nuggets of "mutton fat" jade – so-named for its marbled white consistency – could sell for $3,000 an ounce, a tenfold increase from a decade previously. Jade was used for the finest objects and cult figures, and for grave furnishings for high-ranking members of the imperial family. In the history of the art of the Chinese empire, jade has had a special significance, comparable with that of gold and diamonds in the West.
喇叭形玉環, 卑南型玉器,國寶, solstice Sundial, Neolithic period It quickly became almost as popular as nephrite and a favorite of Qing Dynasty's nouveau riche, while scholars still had strong attachment to nephrite (white jade, or Khotan), which they deemed to be the symbol of a nobleman. The vivid green variety became known as Feicui (翡翠) or Kingfisher (feathers) Jade. Jadeite, with its bright emerald-green, pink, lavender, orange and brown colours was imported from Burma to China only after about 1800. Jade became a favourite material for the crafting of Chinese scholars' objects, such as rests for calligraphy brushes, as well as the mouthpieces of some opium pipes, due to the belief that breathing through jade would bestow longevity upon smokers who used such a pipe.
From the Kingdom of Khotan, on the southern leg of the Silk Road, yearly tribute payments consisting of the most precious white jade were made to the Chinese Imperial court and there worked into objets d'art by skilled artisans as jade had a status-value exceeding that of gold or silver. The river jade collection is concentrated in the Yarkand, the White Jade ( Yurungkash) and Black Jade ( Karakash) Rivers.
There, white and greenish nephrite jade is found in small quarries and as pebbles and boulders in the rivers flowing from the Kuen-Lun mountain range eastward into the Takla-Makan desert area. From the earliest Chinese dynasties to the present, the jade deposits most used were not only those of Khotan in the Western Chinese province of Xinjiang but other parts of China as well, such as Lantian, Shaanxi. Jade was considered to be the "imperial gem" and was used to create many utilitarian and ceremonial objects, from indoor decorative items to jade burial suits. Neolithic period, Nine hole penannular ring, Hongshan Culture, (卑南型玉器, 多環獸型玉玦, 新石器時代) History East Asia Prehistoric and historic China Nephrite is derived from lapis nephriticus, a Latin translation of the Spanish piedra de ijada. The English word jade is derived (via French l'ejade and Latin ilia 'flanks, kidney area') from the Spanish term piedra de ijada (first recorded in 1565) or 'loin stone', from its reputed efficacy in curing ailments of the loins and kidneys.
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